\n\t\u9019\u4e00\u5468\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u5206\u6790\u5e7e\u500b\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u9818\u57df\u7684\u725b\u4eba\uff0c\u770b\u770b\u4ed6\u5011\u725b\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\uff0c\u4ed6\u5011\u601d\u8003\u554f\u984c\u548c\u505a\u4e8b\u60c5\u7684\u7368\u7279\u65b9\u6cd5\u80fd\u7d66\u6211\u5011\u4ec0\u9ebc\u555f\u767c\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u4eca\u5929\u6211\u5011\u5148\u4f86\u4ecb\u7d39\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u30021946 \u5e74\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u8a95\u751f\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u5f88\u591a\u4eba\u8981\u5c07\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u4e4b\u7236\u7684\u982d\u929c\u7d66\u4ed6\u3002\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u8b1b\uff0c\u61c9\u8a72\u7d66\u4ed6\u7684\u665a\u8f29\u5716\u9748\u535a\u58eb\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4eba\u5011\u4f9d\u7136\u4e0d\u6703\u56e0\u6b64\u800c\u4f4e\u4f30\u4ed6\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u3002\u90a3\u9ebc\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u5230\u5e95\u725b\u5728\u54ea\u88e1\u5462\uff1f\u7c21\u55ae\u5730\u8b1b\u81f3\u5c11\u6709\u5169\u65b9\u9762\uff1a\u4ed6\u6d1e\u5bdf\u5230\u4e86\u540c\u6642\u4ee3\u4eba\u770b\u4e0d\u5230\u7684\u4e8b\u7269\u7684\u672c\u8cea\uff0c\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u8d85\u8d8a\u6642\u4ee3\u7684\u7b54\u6848\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u53c3\u8207\u5230\u767c\u660e\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e2d\u5b8c\u5168\u662f\u4e00\u4ef6\u5076\u7136\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u5f8c\u4f86\u5728\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u65b9\u9762\u7684\u5de5\u4f5c\u4e5f\u53ea\u4f54\u7528\u4ed6\u4e0d\u591a\u7684\u6642\u9593\uff0c\u56e0\u70ba\u9019\u500b\u4e16\u754c\u9700\u8981\u4ed6\u505a\u7684\u4e8b\u60c5\u592a\u591a\u4e86\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t1944\u5e74\uff0c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u6b63\u8ca0\u8cac\u7f8e\u570b\u7684\u6c2b\u5f48\u7814\u88fd\u5de5\u4f5c\u3002\u7576\u6642\u539f\u5b50\u5f48\u7684\u7814\u7a76\u5de5\u4f5c\u662f\u7531\u5967\u672c\u6d77\u9ed8\u8ca0\u8cac\uff0c\u9019\u4ef6\u4e8b\u5927\u5bb6\u90fd\u77e5\u9053\u3002\u4f46\u7576\u6642\u5927\u5bb6\u4e26\u4e0d\u77e5\u9053\u7684\u662f\uff0c\u7f8e\u570b\u4eba\u7576\u6642\u8003\u616e\u5f97\u5176\u5be6\u66f4\u9577\u9060\uff0c\u5df2\u7d93\u958b\u59cb\u7814\u88fd\u5a01\u529b\u66f4\u5927\u7684\u6c2b\u5f48\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u662f\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\u4e4b\u4e00\u3002\u6c2b\u5f48\u7684\u7814\u88fd\u9700\u8981\u89e3\u6c7a\u5927\u91cf\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u7576\u6642\u4e26\u6c92\u6709\u597d\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u8cbb\u7c73\u535a\u58eb\u4f7f\u7528\u8a08\u7b97\u5c3a\uff0c\u8cbb\u66fc\u535a\u58eb\u4f7f\u7528\u901f\u5ea6\u5f88\u6162\u7684\u6a5f\u68b0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\uff0c\u800c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u81ea\u5df1\u5247\u9760\u5fc3\u7b97\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u6709\u4e00\u5929\uff0c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u807d\u8aaa\u7f8e\u570b\u9678\u8ecd\u70ba\u4e86\u7814\u88fd\u9577\u7a0b\u706b\u7832\uff0c\u59d4\u8a17\u8cd3\u5915\u6cd5\u5c3c\u4e9e\u5927\u5b78\u96fb\u6a5f\u5de5\u7a0b\u7684\u6559\u6388\u83ab\u5947\u5229\u548c\u4ed6\u7684\u5b78\u751f\u57c3\u514b\u7279\u535a\u58eb\u8a2d\u8a08\u548c\u7814\u88fd\u4eba\u985e\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f ENIAC\uff0c\u65bc\u662f\u4fbf\u627e\u5230\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\uff0c\u5e0c\u671b\u90a3\u53f0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u4e5f\u80fd\u5e6b\u52a9\u8a08\u7b97\u6c2b\u5f48\u7814\u88fd\u4e2d\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u554f\u984c\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u5728\u770b\u4e86\u4ed6\u5011\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u99ae\uff0e\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u767c\u73fe\u90a3\u53f0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u662f\u901a\u7528\u7684\uff0c\u89e3\u6c7a\u4e0d\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u554f\u984c\u3002\u5176\u5be6\u5982\u679c\u7576\u6642\u5728\u8a2d\u8a08\u6642\u7a0d\u52a0\u6539\u9032\uff0c\u5c31\u80fd\u5c07\u5b83\u8b8a\u6210\u4e00\u53f0\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u90a3\u6642\u70ba\u6642\u5df2\u665a\u3002\u7f8e\u570b\u8ecd\u65b9\u554f\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u600e\u9ebc\u8fa6\uff0c\u5c0d\u65bc\u5df2\u7d93\u9020\u4e86\u4e00\u534a\u7684 ENIAC \u4ed6\u4e5f\u6c92\u6709\u8fa6\u6cd5\uff0c\u53ea\u80fd\u8b93\u5b83\u7e7c\u7e8c\u9020\u4e0b\u53bb\u3002\u4e0d\u904e\uff0c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7559\u4e0b\u4e00\u53e5\u8a71\uff0c\u5982\u679c\u5c07\u4f86\u8981\u8b93\u5b83\u8a08\u7b97\u5176\u4ed6\u554f\u984c\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e26\u975e\u5b8c\u5168\u4e0d\u53ef\u80fd\uff0c\u53ea\u662f\u8981\u4fee\u6539\u96fb\u8def\uff0c\u7279\u5225\u9ebb\u7169\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u5169\u5e74\u5f8c\uff0cENIAC \u9020\u51fa\u4f86\u4e86\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ed7\u6253\u5b8c\u4e86\uff0c\u706b\u7832\u4e0d\u7528\u88fd\u9020\u4e86\uff0c\u800c\u5176\u5b83\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u9084\u9700\u8981\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u3002\u90a3\u6642\u79d1\u5b78\u5bb6\u5011\u5728 ENIAC \u4e0a\u9762\u6bcf\u8a08\u7b97\u4e00\u9053\u984c\uff0c\u5c31\u9700\u8981\u6539\u8b8a\u4e00\u6b21\u96fb\u8def\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\u90a3\u53f0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u53ef\u662f\u7531\u5169\u842c\u500b\u6676\u9ad4\u7ba1\u3001\u4e94\u842c\u500b\u96fb\u963b\u548c\u4e00\u5927\u5806\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u5143\u5668\u4ef6\u7d44\u6210\u7684\uff0c\u96fb\u8def\u8907\u96dc\u5f97\u4e0d\u5f97\u4e86\uff0c\u4e2d\u9593\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u7c21\u76f4\u4e82\u5f97\u4e00\u584c\u7cca\u5857\u3002 ( \u4e0b\u5716\u662f\u77fd\u8c37\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u535a\u7269\u9928\u4fdd\u5b58\u7684\u4e00\u53f020\u4e16\u7d0050\u5e74\u4ee3\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u5167\u90e8\u9023\u7dda\u5716\uff0c\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u770b\u51fa\u5b83\u7684\u9023\u7dda\u662f\u591a\u9ebc\u8907\u96dc\uff0c\u800c1946\u5e74\u7684ENIAC\u8981\u66f4\u52a0\u8907\u96dc\u3002)\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u7576\u6642\u6539\u4e00\u6b21\u96fb\u8def\u5c11\u5247\u5e7e\u5929\uff0c\u591a\u5247\u5169\u4e09\u500b\u6708\u7684\u6642\u9593\u3002\u800c\u6539\u597d\u96fb\u8def\u5f8c\u3002\u8a08\u7b97\u672c\u8eab\u53ea\u8981\u5e7e\u5206\u9418\u3002\u5f88\u986f\u7136\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6839\u672c\u4e0d\u5be6\u7528\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u548c\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u6709\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u90fd\u6c92\u6709\u8840\u89aa\u95dc\u4fc2\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u597d\u5728\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u610f\u8b58\u5230\u9019\u500b\u554f\u984c\u7684\u56b4\u91cd\u6027\uff0c\u5728 1944 \u5e74\u5c31\u5411\u8ecd\u65b9\u5efa\u8b70\u518d\u9020\u4e00\u53f0\u65b0\u7684\u3001 \u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\uff0c\u9019\u6a23\u4ed6\u5c31\u548c\u83ab\u5947\u5229\u3001\u57c3\u514b\u7279\u4e00\u8d77\u63d0\u51fa\u4e00\u7a2e\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u8a2d\u8a08\u65b9\u6848\uff0c\u7a31\u70ba\u827e\u8fea\u74e6\u514b ( EDVAC , Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer\uff1b\u96e2\u6563\u8b8a\u91cf\u81ea\u52d5\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f )\uff0c\u800c EDVAC \u5176\u5be6\u624d\u662f\u4e16\u754c\u4e0a\u7b2c\u4e00\u53f0\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a7\u5236\u7684\u901a\u7528\u7684\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u662f\u4eca\u5929\u6240\u6709\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u9f3b\u7956\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u4f5c\u70ba\u6700\u65e9\u505a\u51fa\u96fb\u5b50\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u83ab\u5947\u5229\u548c\u57c3\u514b\u7279\uff0c\u81ea\u7136\u662f\u4e86\u4e0d\u8d77\u7684\u4eba\u7269\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u5e7e\u4e4e\u662f\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u770b\u5230\u4e86\u4e8c\u4eba\u7684\u4e0d\u8db3\u4e4b\u8655\uff0c\u8aaa\u660e\u4ed6\u5011\u548c\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u6c34\u5e73\u4e0d\u5728\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u6a94\u6b21\u4e0a\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u5169\u500b\u9ad8\u624b\u5728\u7df4\u528d\uff0c\u65c1\u908a\u4f86\u4e86\u4e00\u500b\u904e\u8def\u4eba\u4e00\u773c\u5c31\u770b\u51fa\u5169\u4eba\u7684\u7834\u7dbb\uff0c\u9019\u500b\u65c1\u89c0\u8005\u5fc5\u5b9a\u662f\u9ad8\u624b\u4e2d\u7684\u9ad8\u624b\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u628a\u5831\u544a\u4ea4\u4e0a\u53bb\u4e4b\u5f8c\uff0c\u8ecd\u65b9\u7684\u8ca0\u8cac\u4eba\u5728\u4e0a\u9762\u5beb\u4e0a\u4e86\u301d\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\u301e( Von Nuemann architecture ) \u5e7e\u500b\u5b57\u3002\u9019\u500b\u6a19\u8a18\u539f\u672c\u53ea\u662f\u70ba\u4e86\u597d\u8fa8\u8a8d\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4ee5\u5f8c\u5927\u5bb6\u5c31\u5c07\u9019\u7a2e\u65b0\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u767c\u660e\u6b0a\u5168\u90e8\u7b97\u5728\u4e86\u4ed6\u7684\u982d\u4e0a\uff0c\u4ee5\u81f3\u65bc\u83ab\u5947\u5229\u548c\u57c3\u514b\u7279\u4e00\u76f4\u89ba\u5f97\u4ed6\u5011\u5728\u9019\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u4e2d\u6240\u505a\u7684\u8ca2\u737b\u88ab\u57cb\u6c92\u4e86\uff0c\u7576\u7136\u9019\u4e0d\u662f\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7684\u672c\u610f\u3002\u9019\u4efd\u5831\u544a\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u610f\u7fa9\u4e0d\u50c5\u5728\u65bc\u8a2d\u8a08\u4e86EDVAC\uff0c\u66f4\u5728\u65bc\u5b83\u63d0\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u7a2e\u901a\u7528\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u4e26\u4e14\u544a\u8a34\u5f8c\u4eba\uff0c\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u9019\u7a2e\u6771\u897f\u662f\u9700\u8981\u9802\u5c64\u8a2d\u8a08\u7684\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u8aaa\u5230\u9019\u88e1\uff0c\u5c31\u8981\u7c21\u55ae\u8b1b\u4e00\u4e0b\u4ec0\u9ebc\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\u9019\u500b\u8a5e\u5728\u82f1\u8a9e\u88e1\u662f Architecture\uff0c\u548c\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d50\u69cb\u662f\u540c\u4e00\u500b\u8a5e\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u4f60\u53ef\u4ee5\u628a\u5b83\u7406\u89e3\u6210\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u7684\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u7576\u7136\uff0c\u5efa\u7bc9\u7d50\u69cb\u4e5f\u5206\u5c64\u6b21\uff0c\u6709\u6700\u62bd\u8c61\u3001\u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7684\uff0c\u4e5f\u6709\u6bd4\u8f03\u5177\u9ad4\u7684\u3002\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\u5247\u662f\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6700\u9ad8\u5c64\u7684\u7d50\u69cb\u3002\u9019\u5c31\u5982\u540c\u8aaa\u4e00\u500b\u623f\u5b50\u8981\u6709\u7246\uff0c\u6709\u5c4b\u9802\uff0c\u6709\u9580\u7a97\u4e00\u6a23\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8aaa\u99ae\uff0c\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\u53ea\u898f\u5b9a\u4e86\u9019\u6a23\u4e00\u4e9b\u539f\u5247\u3002\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u4e0d\u540c\u7a2e\u985e\u7684\u8a08\u7b97\u6a5f\u6703\u6709\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u7cfb\u7d71\u7d50\u69cb\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u860b\u679c\u6709\u860b\u679c\u7684\uff0cPC\u6a5f\u6709\u6240\u8b02\u7684 IBM \u7684\uff0c\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u6a5f\u6709\u667a\u80fd\u624b\u6a5f\u7684\uff0c\u7b49\u7b49\u3002\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
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\n\t \n<\/p>\n
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\n\t \n<\/p>\n
\n\t\u90a3\u9ebc\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u70ba\u4ec0\u9ebc\u90a3\u9ebc\u725b\uff1f\n<\/p>\n
\n\t \n<\/p>\n
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\n\t \n<\/p>\n
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\n\t\t\t\u63d0\u51fa\u99ae\u30fb\u8afe\u4f9d\u66fc\u4ee3\u6578\n\t\t<\/p>\n<\/li>\n
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