{"id":624,"date":"2018-05-18T10:12:36","date_gmt":"2018-05-18T02:12:36","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/?p=624"},"modified":"2018-05-18T10:12:36","modified_gmt":"2018-05-18T02:12:36","slug":"vps%e6%9e%b6%e8%a8%ad-4-%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%9d-ftp-%e8%bb%9f%e9%ab%94","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/vps%e6%9e%b6%e8%a8%ad-4-%e5%ae%89%e8%a3%9d-ftp-%e8%bb%9f%e9%ab%94\/","title":{"rendered":"VPS\u67b6\u8a2d 4 – \u5b89\u88dd FTP \u8edf\u9ad4"},"content":{"rendered":"

\n\t\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6a94\u6848\u4e0a\u50b3\u3001\u4e0b\u8f09…\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u7248\u63a7\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u584a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e FTP \u8edf\u9ad4\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u66f4\u65b0\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88dd FTP \u8edf\u9ad4\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5b89\u88dd FTP Server<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t1\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u5957\u4ef6\u4e26\u5b89\u88dd vsftpd package<\/span><\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo apt update<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t$ sudo apt install vsftpd<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t2\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u539f\u59cb\u6a94\u6848\u5099\u4efd<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo cp \/etc\/vsftpd.conf \/etc\/vsftpd.conf.bk<\/span><\/strong>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t3\u3001\u7de8\u8f2f FTP \u57fa\u672c\u7d44\u614b\u6a94 ( basic FTP configuration )<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7de8\u8f2f \/etc\/vsftpd.conf<\/strong> <\/span>\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u53d6\u6d88\u4e0b\u9762\u5217\u7684\u8a3b\u89e3\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\twrite_enable=YES<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tlocal_umask=022<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tchroot_local_user=YES<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u65b0\u589e\u4e0b\u9762\u6587\u5b57\u5230\u6700\u5e95\u7aef\uff0c\u4e26\u5132\u5b58\u96e2\u958b\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\tallow_writeable_chroot=YES<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tpasv_min_port=40000<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tpasv_max_port=40100<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t \n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t4. \u91cd\u555f\u8a2d\u5b9a<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo systemctl restart vsftpd<\/span><\/strong>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t$ sudo systemctl status vsftpd<\/span><\/strong>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u72c0\u614b\u70ba active ( running )<\/strong><\/span>\uff0c\u5247\u4ee3\u8868\u5df2\u7d93\u555f\u7528\u6210\u529f\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t5. \u6e2c\u8a66 FTP server  ( Use \/usr\/sbin\/nologin shell to limit access. )<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ ftp 127.0.0.1<\/span><\/strong>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t6. \u5efa\u7f6e FTPS<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u7acb SSL \u8a8d\u8b49\uff0c\u5728\u9019\u908a\u63a1\u7528 RSA \u8a8d\u8b49 \u548c \u8a2d\u5b9a\u4e00\u5e74\u7684\u6709\u6548\u671f\u9650\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCreate new SSL certificate using below command. Here we are going to create 2048 bit RSA certificate with 365 days validity.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo openssl req -x509 -nodes -days 365 -newkey rsa:2048 -keyout \/etc\/ssl\/private\/ftps_vsftpd.pem -out \/etc\/ssl\/private\/ftps_vsftpd.pem<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t7. \u7de8\u8f2f\u4e26\u958b\u59cb ssl \u8a2d\u5b9a<\/span><\/span><\/strong>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7de8\u8f2f vsftpd.conf<\/strong><\/span> \u6587\u4ef6\uff0c\u958b\u555f SSL \u8a2d\u5b9a\u3002 (  \/etc\/vsftpd.conf<\/strong><\/span>  )\n<\/p>\n

\n\tNow make changes in \/etc\/vsftpd.conf file to enable and configure SSL. Find and modify below lines as per our certificate location and enable SSL.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\trsa_cert_file=\/etc\/ssl\/private\/ftps_vsftpd.pem<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\trsa_private_key_file=\/etc\/ssl\/private\/ftps_vsftpd.pem<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tssl_enable=YES<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t8. \u91cd\u555f\u4e26\u6e2c\u8a66<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo systemctl restart vsftpd<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t<\/font>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t9. SFTP \u8a2d\u5b9a  ( SFTP configuration )<\/strong><\/span><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tSFTP \u4f7f\u7528\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u57e0\u5354\u5b9a\uff0c\u5b83\u6703\u6bd4 FTP \u66f4\u52a0\u5b89\u5168\n<\/p>\n

\n\tSFTP uses different protocol, It is more secure than FTP since it uses ssh port for data transfer.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo apt-get install openssh-server<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u500b\u65b0\u7fa4\u7d44\u7d66 SFTP \u7684\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ( Create a new group for SFTP users. )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo addgroup ftpaccess<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7de8\u8f2f \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config <\/strong><\/span>\u6a94\u6848\uff0c\u4e26\u5c07\u4ee5\u4e0b\u884c\u9032\u884c\u8a3b\u89e3 ( Edit \/etc\/ssh\/sshd_config file and comment the below line. )\n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t#Subsystem sftp \/usr\/lib\/openssh\/sftp-server<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e26\u52a0\u5165\u4e0b\u9762\u8cc7\u8a0a\u81f3\u6a94\u6a94\u6700\u5e95\u90e8 ( and add these lines at the end of the file. )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\tSubsystem sftp internal-sftp<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tMatch group ftpaccess<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tChrootDirectory %h<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tX11Forwarding no<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tAllowTcpForwarding no<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\tForceCommand internal-sftp<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u91cd\u65b0\u555f\u52d5 ssh \u670d\u52d9 ( Now restart ssh service. ) \n<\/p>\n

\n\t( **Please perform this step in the console since you may loose SSH connection while doing the service restart.** )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo systemctl restart ssh<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c07\u4f7f\u7528\u8005 ( jqnets ) \u52a0\u5165 ftpacess \u7fa4\u7d44 ( Create an user with nologin shell and with group ftpacess. )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u4e26\u8a2d\u5b9a\u5bc6\u78bc\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo useradd -m jqnets -s \/usr\/sbin\/nologin -G ftpaccess<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t$ sudo passwd jqnets<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5c07\u76ee\u9304\u8a2d\u5b9a\u70ba root \u6b0a\u9650 ( Perform below steps to chroot users to their home directories. )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo chown root:root \/home\/jqnets<\/strong><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u5efa\u7acb\u301dwww\u301e\u76ee\u9304\u4f9b\u4e0a\u50b3\u6a94\u6848\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\tCreate a directory “upload” inside home directory and modify ownership. This directory can be used to upload files to the server.\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sudo mkdir \/home\/jqnets\/www<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t$ sudo chown jqnets:ftpaccess \/home\/jqnets\/www<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t \n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u9032\u884c\u6700\u5f8c\u6e2c\u8a66 ( Now you can connect server using sftp clients. )\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ sftp jqnets@127.0.0.1<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t<\/font><\/b>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t10. SFTP \u8a2d\u5b9a  ( SFTP configuration )<\/strong><\/span>\n<\/p>\n

\n\t\u7531\u65bc var\/www\/html<\/strong> <\/span>\u53ea\u6709 root \u64c1\u6709\u4f7f\u7528\u6b0a\u9650\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u5c07\u5df2\u7d93\u8a2d\u5b9a\u597d\u7684 jqnets\/www<\/strong><\/span> \u6307\u5411 var\/www\/html\/<\/strong><\/span> \uff0c\u65b9\u4fbf FTP \u4e0a\u50b3\u4f7f\u7528\u3002\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\tln <\/strong><\/span>\uff1a\u662f\u5c0d\u8cc7\u6599\u593e\u5efa\u7acb\u8d85\u9023\u7d50\u7684\u6307\u4ee4\n<\/p>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n

\n\t\t$ cd \/var\/www\/html\/<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n

\n\t\t$ sudo ln -s \/home\/jqnets\/www<\/b><\/span>\n\t<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n

\n\t \n<\/p>\n

\n\t <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

\u6709\u6642\u5019\u6211\u5011\u5728\u7a0b\u5f0f\u958b\u767c\u904e\u7a0b\u7576\u4e2d\uff0c\u6709\u9700\u8981\u6a94\u6848\u4e0a\u50b3\u3001\u4e0b\u8f09…\u7b49\u7b49\uff0c\u9664\u4e86\u6709\u7248\u63a7\u4f86\u5b8c\u6210\u9019\u4e00\u584a\u4e4b\u5916\uff0c\u6709\u6642\u5019\u70ba\u4e86\u6e2c\u8a66\u65b9\u4fbf\uff0c\u6211\u5011\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u900f\u904e FTP \u8edf\u9ad4\u4f86\u9054\u5230\u5feb\u901f\u66f4\u65b0\u7a0b\u5f0f\u7684\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u6240\u4ee5\u63a5\u4e0b\u4f86\u6211\u5011\u4f86\u8a18\u9304\u4e00\u4e0b\u5982\u4f55\u5b89\u88dd FTP \u8edf\u9ad4\u3002   \u5b89\u88dd FTP Server 1\u3001\u66f4\u65b0\u5957\u4ef6\u4e26\u5b89\u88dd vsftpd package $ sudo apt update $ sudo apt install vsftpd   2\u3001\u8907\u88fd\u539f\u59cb\u6a94\u6848\u5099\u4efd   $ sudo cp \/etc\/vsftpd.c […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jetpack_post_was_ever_published":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_access":"","_jetpack_dont_email_post_to_subs":false,"_jetpack_newsletter_tier_id":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paywalled_content":false,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":"","jetpack_publicize_message":"","jetpack_publicize_feature_enabled":true,"jetpack_social_post_already_shared":true,"jetpack_social_options":{"image_generator_settings":{"template":"highway","enabled":false}}},"categories":[3],"tags":[201,197,195],"jetpack_publicize_connections":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","jetpack_sharing_enabled":true,"jetpack_shortlink":"https:\/\/wp.me\/p6rhcT-a4","jetpack-related-posts":[],"jetpack_likes_enabled":false,"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/624"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=624"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/624\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":626,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/624\/revisions\/626"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=624"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=624"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/jqnets.com\/blog\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=624"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}